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Science often finds it difficult to renew itself conceptually as there is a kind of inertia in abandoning old proven paths to new roads still unknown. New ideas are sometimes not well received not because they are sterile or useless, but because they are alien to the current of dominant thought of the time. In the history of physics few have been the ideas that have introduced novelty in scientific thought. Discoveries of the past such as those due to Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Einstein and others, although they have contributed decisively to scientific and philosophical progress, have not always turned out to be absolute truths, but rather exceptional contributions to the understanding of the world, of the pieces of a puzzle that we are still far from having completed. This Blog tells the story of a discovery that involved and passionate me and other colleagues who shared with me years of work and passion towards an idea that despite not having introduced new truths and not belonging

In classical electromagnetic theory, the one developed in the period from 600 to 800 by scientists such as Coulomb, Volta, up to Maxwell, a pair of charges of opposite sign forms a dipole, the most basic system of charges in interaction, the simplest of electromagnetic sources. The study of the dipole can be addressed at various levels of complexity. Usually a pair of charges placed at a certain distance of interaction is taken into account without the problem of the actual dynamic conditions: energy, momentum and trajectories of interacting particles. To analyze the electromagnetic emission of a dipole source, we consider as fundamental variables of the physical model the spatial extension of the source, determined by the distance of interaction and the distance of an observer ( physical observation and measurement system) reputed placed in the center of the source. Moving away from the center of the source and examining the structure of the electromagnetic

At the beginning of the twentieth century, physics was in full swing. After the invention of the spectroscope made by Fraunhofer (1814) and the discovery of absorption lines, dark lines, visible both in the spectra of sunlight and stellar light and in the light reflected from the surface of the Moon and some other brighter planets, the studies by the Kirchhoffs and Bunsen quickly led to the discovery and study of emission lines in the light spectra of chemicals (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 The correspondence of some of the visible emission lines with the absorption ones, as in the case of the fundamental H-alpha line of hydrogen (red line in Fig. 5), has led to a qualitative leap in the study of the cosmos, opening the way to analyze the composition of stellar atmospheres: it was now clear that nature, so jealous in keeping the secrets of matter, could hide them for a while longer. The discovery and study of natural radioactivity (1896) by H. Becquerel and Pierre and Marie Cu

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